REPORT
OF
THE
BANJARA-VANJARI
COMMITTEE
SUBMITTED
TO
THE
GOVERNMENT
OF MAHARASHTRA
1993
GOKHALE
INSTITUTE OF POLITICS AND ECONOMICS
(DEEMED
TO BE A UNIVERSITY)
PUNE
41 1004
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REPORT
OF
THE
BANJARA-VANJARI
COMMITTEE
SUBMITTED
TO
THE
GOVERNMENT
OF MAHARASHTRA
1993
GOKHALE
INSTITUTE OF POLITICS AND ECONOMICS
(DEEMED
TO BE A UNIVERSITY)
PUNE
41 1004
PREFACE
For
some years, litigation has been going on at
various
levels in the State regarding the I Banjara—Vanjari
dispute.
On June 9, 1992, the Maharashtra Administrative
Tribunal,
Nagpur Bench, directed the State Government to
constitute
a Committee to go into the whole question.
On
July ' 31, 1992, in pursuance of the above-
mentioned
order of the Maharashtra Administrative Tribunal,
the
State Government set up the present Banjara—Vanjari
Expert
Committee. Its composition was as under :
Dr.D.C.
Wadhwa,
Director,
Gokhale Institute of
Politics
and Economics, Pune. Chairman
Dr.
R.K.Mutatkar,
Department
of Anthropology,
University
of Poona, Pune. Member
Shri
A.M.Dudhbhate,
Retired
Additional Director,
Directorate
of Social Welfare, .
Maharashtra
State, Pune. Member
Shri
A.R. Bodhankar,
Retired
Joint Director,
Directorate
of Social Welfare, Pune. Member
Shri
K.K.Nayadu,
Joint
Secretary,
Department
of Housing and
Special
Assistance,
Government
of Maharashtra.
Bombay.
Member-Secretary
Shri
S.V.Deshmul<h, Retired Assistant Commissioner,
Tribal
Research and Training Institute, Pune, was appointed
as
a Research Officer to assist the Committee in its work.
The
Committee was required to opine whether the
Banjara
and Vanjari are synonyms of each other or not. The
Committee
was asked to give its opinion after making an
i
in—depth
study of the subject by giving an opportunity to
the
representatives of the Banjara and Vanjari communities
to
place before the Committee their views and the relevant
material
in support of their views and after taking into
consideration
the material put forward before the Committee
by
the All India Banjara Seva Sangh, if any, in support of
its
claim and the report of the Tribal Research and Training
Institute,
Pune, submitted to the Government on November 30,
1982,
in this behalf.
As
the terms of reference given to the Committee
were
wide, it necessitated a close look into virtually all
aspects
of the problem including the study of the
distinctive
aspects of culture of both the groups and the
differences
in their cultural traits, if any, in the field.
The
terms of reference also required a careful review of the
relevant
material, collected‘ by the Committee as well as
submitted
to the Committee by both the groups in support of
their
respective contentions.
The
field study was conducted by Dr.Mutatkar,
Shri
Dudhbhate and Shri Bodhankar, members of the Committee.
The
Committee met the enlightened persons from
both
the communities.I including the representatives of the
All
India Banjara Seva Sangh, who placed before the
Committee
their ‘views and the material’ in support of their
views.
The
Report is divided into seven chapters which
are
so designed that the first five chapters are presented
as
background material for the analysis of the various
aspects
of the problem in the sixth chapter. The seventh
chapter
summarises the findings of the Committee.
ii
I
am grateful to my colleagues on the Committee who
shared
the burden of its work in full measure. For the last
one
year, I have been very busy in connection with the work
of
obtaining the status of deemed to be a University for our
Institute
and, therefore, I could not get the time to write
this
report earlier. When I accepted this assignment, I had
not
anticipated that the work of obtaining the status of
deemed
to be a University for our Institute will take so
much
time. I am, therefore, sorry for the delay in writing
this
report and submitting the same to the Government.
Shri
S.V. Deshmulch provided ~total support to the
Committee
in collecting the research material’ and in
coordinating
the administrative work with the Directorate of
Social
Welfare. He also helped me in seeing through this
report
in print. I am thankful to him for all his help.
Shri
A.V. Thipse of the Directorte of Social Welfare, Pune,
typed
the draft report and assisted Bhri Deshmukh in his
work.
He also helped me in getting this report printed.
Shri
P.D. Naik, Stenographer, Directorate of Social Welfare,
Pune,
composed the report on the Word Processsor in record
time
even by working on holidays. I am thankful to them
both
for their timely help in this work.
D.C.
Wadhwa
Gokhale
Institute of Politics and Economics
(Deemed
to be a University),
Pune
411 004
August
9, 1993.
iii
I
am grateful to my colleagues on the Committee who
shared
the burden of its work in full measure. For the last
one
year, I have been very busy in connection with the work
of
obtaining the status of deemed to be a University for our
Institute
and, therefore, I could not get the time to write
this
report earlier. When I accepted this assignment, I had
not
anticipated that the work of obtaining the status of
deemed
to be a University for our Institute will take so
much
time. I am, therefore, sorry for the delay in writing
this
report and submitting the same to the Government.
Shri
S.V. Deshmulch provided ~total support to the
Committee
in collecting the research material’ and in
coordinating
the administrative work with the Directorate of
Social
Welfare. He also helped me in seeing through this
report
in print. I am thankful to him for all his help.
Shri
A.V. Thipse of the Directorte of Social Welfare, Pune,
typed
the draft report and assisted Bhri Deshmukh in his
work.
He also helped me in getting this report printed.
Shri
P.D. Naik, Stenographer, Directorate of Social Welfare,
Pune,
composed the report on the Word Processsor in record
time
even by working on holidays. I am thankful to them
both
for their timely help in this work.
D.C.
Wadhwa
Gokhale
Institute of Politics and Economics
(Deemed
to be a University),
Pune
411 004
August
9, 1993.
iii
1.3
On January 24, 1953, the percentage of
reservations
for recruitment to service in Class III and
Class
IV, from the above— mentioned backward classes, was
revised
as under : {4}
C_1a_iE-_mi'=11i_C_E§
(i)
Scheduled Castes .. .. .. 6 per cent
(ii)
Scheduled Tribes .. .. .. 7 per cent
(iii)
Dther Backward Classes .. .. '9 per cent
Class
L Services
(i)
Scheduled Castes .. .. .. 7 per cent
(ii)
Scheduled Tribes .. .. .. 9 per cent
(iii)
Other Backward Classes .. . . 11 per cent
1.4
On November 21, 1961, the Government of
Maharashtra
cancelled all the previous orders issued in
connection
with the classification of Vimukta iii;-|_ {5} and
Nomadic
Tribes and Semi— Nomadic Tribes in the various
component
units of the State of Maharashtra and declared a
common
and single list of Vimukta Jatis and Nomadic Tribes
and
Semi—Nomadic Tribes throughout the State.
Kachakiwale
Banjaras,
as
synonyms to the Laman
The
Banjaras,
Laman
Banjaras and Lambadas were shown
community
in the list of Vimukta
{4}
Government of Bombay Resolution,
Services
Department, No-490/46, dated January
Political
24,
1953.
and
{5}
Vimukta means set free and Jatis here means tribes.
Thus,
Vimukta Jatis means tribes that are set free. Under
the
provisions of the different Criminal Tribes Acts,
certain
tribes were notified from time to time in the
State
Gazette as criminal tribes and certain restrictions
were
imposed on their movements. In 1949, the Criminal
Tribes
Act, 1924, was repealed and since then all the
tribes
notified as criminal tribes till then stood
denotified.
Therefore,
tribes
or vimukta Iiatis, that is, tribes set free.
these
tribes are known as denotified
Jatis.{6L
Till then, there was no recognised list of
Vimukta
Jat is in Vidarbha area {71) and of the Nomadic and
Semi—Nomadic
Tribes in Marathwada {B} and Vidarbha, area
although
persons belonging to these communities were found
in
those regions of the State. In the old Bombay State
territories,{9}
there were two separate lists of the Vimukta
Jatis
{10} (earlier notified as Vimochit Jatis and
Nomadic
and Semi—Nomadic Tribes {11).
{6}
Government of Maharashtra Resolution, Education
and
Social Welfare Department, No.CBC—1361—M, dated November
21,
1961.
{7}
The' territories comprising the districts of Akola,
Amravati,
Bhandara, Buldhana, Chanda, Nagpur, Wardha and
Yeotmal
which were transferred -from the old State of Madhya
Pradesh
to the Bombay State at the time of states
reorganization
on November 1, 1956 E vide section B (1) (c)
of
the States Reorganization Act, 1956, Central Act 37 of
1956].
The territories comprising the districts of Akola,
Amravati,
Buldhana and Yeotmal constituted Berar area.
{B}
' The territories comprised in the Marathwada region
of
the then existing State of Hyderabad, that is, (a)
Aurangabad,
Bhir, Elsmanabad and Parbhani districts, (b)
Islapur
circle of Boath taluka, Kiinwat taluka and Rajpura
taluka
of Adilabad district, (c) Ahmedpur, Nilanga and Udgir
talukas
of Bidar district and (d) Nanded district except (i)
Bichkonda
and J'ul<:ka1 circles of Delgur taluka and (ii)
Bhiansa,
Kuber and Mudhol circles of Mudhol taluka which
were
transferred to the Bombay State at the time of states
reorganization
on November 1, 1956 [vide section 8 (1) (b)
of
the States Reorganization Act, 1956, Central Act 37 of
1956].
The territories comprising the said Islapur circle of
Boath
taluka, Kinwat taluka and Rajapura taluka were
included
in Nanded district and the territories comprised in
the
said talukas of Ahmadpur, Nilanga and Udgir were added
to
Osmanabad district Evide section B (2) of ' the States
Reorganization
Act, 1956, Central Act 37 of 1956].
{9}
The territories comprised in the districts of
Ahmednagar,
Dhulia, Greater Bombay, Jalgaon, Kolaba, Nasik,
Poona,
Ratnagiri, Sangli, Satara, Sholapur and Thana.
{10}
Government of Bombay Resolution, Political and
Services
Department, No.BAC—1054, dated May 14, 1954.
{11)
Government of Bombay Letter, Labour and Social
Welfare,
Department, No.MBC—3156/2064—E, dated December 7,
1956.
1.5
On April 9, 1965, the Government of Maharashtra
revised
orders reserving vacancies in the Government
Services
for members of the backward c1asses.{12} According
to
the then existing orders, the backward classes consisted
of
the Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Other Backward
Communities.
This grouping was revised and the backward
classes
were declared to consist of Scheduled Castes and
Scheduled
Castes converts to Buddhism; Scheduled Tribes
including
those living outside the specified areas, Vimukta
1%
and Nomadic Tribes; and Other Backward Communities.
In
modification of the then existing orders making
reservation
in favour of members of the backward classes,
the
Government directed that the following percentage of
vacancies
occuring in each of the various services under it
which
were filled by direct recruitment should be reserved
for
members of each of the following sections of the
backward
classes, namely, Scheduled Castes and Scheduled
Castes
converts to Buddhism 13 per cent, Scheduled Tribes
including
those living outside the specified areas 7 per
cent,
Vimukta Jatis and Nomadic Tribes 4 per cent
{12}
After the bifurcation of the former Bombay
State
into the states of Gujarat and Maharashtra on May 1,
1960,
the Government of Maharashtra appointed in November,
1961,
a Committee under the Chairmanship of Shri B.D.
Deshmukh
to go into the question of reservation of seats and
allied
matters relating to the recruitment of backward
classes
to Government services. These revised orders were
based
on the recommendation contained in the report,
submitted
in January 1964, of the above—mentioned Committee.
and
Other Backward Communities 10 per cent. {13) Thus,
with
the issuance of the above—mentioned order, separate
reservation
in the State services and educational
institutions
for Virnukta Mg and Nomadic Tribes came
into
being in the State of Maharashtra for the first time.
Till
then, all the Vimukta La£i_s_ and almost all the
Nomadic
and Semi-Nomadic Tribes (with the exception of a few
tribes
(which were either treated as Scheduled Castes or
Scheduled
Tribes) were included in the Other Backward
Classes.
{14}
1.6
On May 23, 1974, the Government declared that
there
will be reservation for the three sections of the
backward
classes, as mentioned below, in promotions made on
the
basis of seniority in appointment to all Class I, Class
II,
Class III and Class IV posts in grades and services in
which
the element of direct recruitment, if any, does not
exceed
50 per cent. {15)
(i)
Scheduled Castes and Scheduled .. 13 per cent
Castes
converts to Buddhism.
(ii)
Scheduled Tribes including those .. 7 per cent
living
outside the specified
areas.
(iii)
Vimuhzta Jatis and Nomadic . . 4 per cent
Tribes.
{13}
Government of Maharashtra, General Administration
Department,
Resolution No.BCC-1064-—IlI—I, dated April 9,
1965.
{14}
Government of Bombay Resolution, Political
and
services Department, No.BAC—1054, dated May 14, 1'754,and
Government
of Bombay Resolution, Political and Services
Department,No.BAC—1054,
dated May 14, 1954, and Government
of
Bombay Letter, Labour and Social Welfare Department,
No.315b/20b4—E,
dated December 7, 1956.
{15}
Government of Maharashtra, General Administration
Department,
Resolution No.BCC—1072—J', dated May 23, 1974.
1.7
On February 20, 1980, One Shri Ganpat Pandurang
Sankhe
(originally resident of Palghar taluka of Thane
district),
an employee (Assistant) of the Department of
Rural
Development, Government of Maharashtra, since 195'? and
residing
in Bombay since 1950 obtained from the Additional
Chief
Metropolitan Magistrate, Bandra, Bombay, a certificate
to
the effect that he belonged to the Banjara caste {16}
which,
as mentioned above, had been declared as Vimukta Jati
in
1961. In the school record, his caste was shown as
Vanjari
which had been included in the Other Backward
Classes
{17} ‘The above caste certificate was issued by the
Additional
Chief Metropolitan Magistrate on the basis of,
besides
other documents, Shri Sankhe's sworn statement, the
certificate
from the Banjara Samaj and the certificate of
the
Special Magistrate.
1.9
cm June 18, 1950, ‘on the ‘basis of the above-
mentioned
caste certificate, the Government directed that
the
caste, that is, Hindu — Banjara should be entered in the
Service
Book of Shri G.P. Sankhe.{1B}
1.‘?
On January C50, 1982, the Government wrote to the
Director
of Tribal Research and Training Institute,
Maharashtra
State, Pune, saying that it was noticed that
many
Vanjaris from Thane district were declaring as
belonging
to the Banjara community and were trying to
{16)
Certificate No.B/363/BO, dated February 20, 1980-
-Cl-7)
Government of Maharashtra, Education and Social
Welfare
Department, Resolution No.CBC—14b7—M, dated October
13,
1967.
{18}
Government of Maharashtra, Rural Development
Department,
Resolution No.EST—lOBO/11581/I, dated June 18,
1980.
obtain
the caste certificates of M ._T_al_vls_ -£19} and
therefore
it had become absolutely necessary for the
Government
to have his detailed report in the matter {20}.
1.10
On November 30, 1982, the Tribal Research and
Training
Institute, Pune, submitted to the Government its
detailed
report wherein it was stated that the Institute had
conducted
a detailed survey of 13 villages in Palghar tehsil
of
Thane district with a view to finding out whether the
Vanjaris,
who were predominantly living in that area, were
the
sub—groups of Banjara community and had come to the
conclusion
that they did not belong to that community. {21}
{19}
For example in 1979, the Government had
accepted
the declaration of another employee of the
Government,
namely, Shri K.J. Sankhe, Assistant Registrar of
Co—operative
Societies (Housing), Bombay, to the effect that
he
belonged to the Banjara community and had directed
that
the caste written in his Service Book and office record
with
A the Government and the Accountant General,
Maharashtra,
be changed from “Vanjari" to "Banjara"
(vide
Government of Maharashtra Memorandum No.CSG—
1079/43075/CE/1970/12—C,
Agricultural and Cooperation
Department,
dated October 29, 1979.
Similarly,
in 1980, the Government had
ordered
that entry regarding the caste of Shri V.B. Sankhe,
Clerk,
Home Department, in his Service Book should be
modified
from "Vanjari" to 'Banjara’ for all purposes. Shri
V.B.
Sankhe had produced a caste certificate No.B/1639/B0,
dated
May 7, 1980, from the Additional Chief Metropolitan
Magistrate,
Bandra, Bombay, which indicated that Shri
Vasudeo
Elabu Sankhe belonged to 'Banjara' caste which had
been
recognised as Vimukta Jati by the Government in 1961
(vide
Government of Maharashtra, Home Department, Dffice
Order
No.HDE-0180-HDCl—2, dated July 15, 1990
-£20}
D.D.No.CBC—1é79/61715(290)/D.V, dated January 30,
19G2,from
the Under Secretary to the Government, Social
welfare,
Cultural Affairs, Sports and Tourism Department, to
the
Director, Tribal Research and Training Institute,
Pune-
{21}
Letter No.Banjara/381/D—VI/1369, dated November
30,
1982, from the Director, Tribal Research and Training
Institute,
Pune, to the Secretary to the Government, Social
Welfare
and Sports Department, Bombay.
In
paragraph 20 of the report it was stated that Vanjari and
Banjara
were altogether distinct classes or castes though
they
descendend from the same stock. In the concluding
paragraph
of the report it was stated that the above view
point
may be examined in consultation with the enlightened
Banjara
persons for inclusion of Vanjari community into
Banjara
community before final decision was taken by the
Government.
1.11
On November 19, 19133, Shri Sankhe was asked by
the
Government to submit to it for scrutiny his original
certificate
dated February 20, 1980, issued to him by the
Additional
Chief Metropolitan Magistrate, Bandra, Bombay.
He
was further asked to submit in original the certificates
submitted
by him to the Additional Chief Metropolitan
Magistrate,
Bandra, at the time of his applying for the
issuadce
of caste certificate {22}.
1.12
On November 24, 1963, Bhri Sankhe replied to the
above-mentioned
letter and produced all the documents as per
the
directions of the Government.
1.13
On December 16, 1993, Ghr-i Gankhe was informed by
the
Government that the caste certificate of the‘ Garpanch of
the
village in which he (Sankhe) was born and the caste
certificate
of the tehsildar of the taluka in which that
village
was situated could be held to be admissible in such
matters.
He was therefore asked to submit certificates from
{22}
Government of Maharashtra, Rural Development
Department,
Memorandum No.Establishment 1063/CR—b7l/01,
dated
November 19, 1983.
the
concerned Sarpanch and the concerned Tehsildar to the
effect
that the belonged to the Banjara community.-£23}
1.14
On September 4, 1985, Shri Sankhe was informed by
the
Government that the Caste Certificate Checking
Committee
{24) had opined that the certificate of caste
(Banjara
— Denotified Tribe) issued by the Additional Chief
Metropolitan
Magistrate, Bandra, submitted by him could not
be
held to be admissible. Shri Sankhe was further informed
that
if he wanted to claim that he belonged to the 'Banjara ' '
caste,
he would have to obtain a certificate to that effect
from
the competent authority from the place of his
original
{25} residence (native place), which was Palghar
in
the district of Thane.
{23)
Government of Maharashtra, Rural Development
Department,
Memorandum No.Establishment—1OB3/CR-671/3/O1,
dated
‘December 16, 1983.
{24)
It may be pointed out here that on May 6, 1980,
the
Government had directed the Director of Social Welfare
Department
to scrutinise the caste certificates (vide
Government
of Maharashtra, Social Welfare, Cultural Affairs,
Sports
and Tourism Department, Circular No.CBC—1bBO/19961/D-
5,
dated May 6, 1980). On June 3, 1980, however, it was
decided
that the Director, Social Welfare Department, and
the
Director, Tribal Research and Training Institute,
Pune,should
jointly verify the caste certificates (vide
Government
of Maharashtra, Social Welfare, Cultural Affairs,
Sports
and Tourism Department, Circular No..CBC-1680/19961/D-
5,
dated June 3, 1980). On February 24, 1981, a small
committee
consisting of departmental officers was brought
into
existence to scrutinise the caste certificates. (vide
Government
of Maharashtra, Social Welfare, Cultural Affairs,
Sports
and Tourism Department, Letter No.CBC—
1680/65375/(499)/D—V,
dated February 24, 1981, addressed to
the
Director of Social Welfare, Government of Maharashtra,
Pune,
and the Director, Tribal Research and Training
Institute,
Maharashtra, Pune.
(25)
Government of Maharashtra, Rural Development
Department,
Memorandum No.Estab1ishment—1OB3/CR-671/83/O1,
dated
September 4, 1985.
1.16
On September 19, 1985, Shri Sankhe wrote to the
Government
that he was unable to produce the caste
certificate
from the Tehsildar, Palghar, because he had
refused
to give to him the same saying that he had specific
instructions
by the Government not to issue caste
certificates
to those who claimed to belong to the Hanjara
community.
1.17
[In January 14, 1986, the Additional Chief
Metropolitan
Magistrate, Bandra, directed Shri Sankhe to
appear
before him on February 10, 1986, in regard to the
caste
certificate issued by him to Shri Sankhe on February
20,
1980. Shri Sankhe appeared as directed. After
preliminary
enquiry, Shri Sankhe was asked, on February 22,
1986,
by the said Magistrate to file his written submissions
in
the above matter which he did.
1.1B
Dn March 5, 1986, the Government issued a
confidential
circular addressed to the Heads of all the
Administrative
Departments of the State instructing them to
get
the caste certificates of all those employees, who had
got
their castes changed from 'Vanjari ' to 'Banjara’ in
their
Service Books, re—verified. The Heads of the
Administrative
Departments were further instructed to
enquire,
at the time of re—-verification, the caste recorded
in
their School Leaving Certificates, the names of the
village,
taluka and district from which they originally come
from
and whether the certificates submitted by them to the
effect
that they belonged to the BanZiara community were
issued
to them by the Executive Magistrates having
territorial
jurisdiction over their original places of
residence
or not. They were also instructed to treat as
10
invalid
all the certificates showing the employees as
Banjaras,
which were not issued by the Executive Magistrates
having
territorial jurisdiction over the places of the
permanent
residence of the employees. Lastly, they were
asked
to instruct all the Executive Magistrates, who had
issued
such certificates, to cancel those certificates.
Similarly,
they were also instructed that so long as the
employees
did not submit the caste certificates issued to
them
by the competent Executive Magistrates, they were not
to
be given the concesssions meant for Vimukta Jatis.{2b}
1.19
On March 15, 1986, Shri Sankhe was informed by the
Additional
Chief Metropolitan Magistrate, Bandra, that his
powers
to issue caste certificates had been revoked by the
Government
with effect from March 1, 1966, and that he
should
appear before the Collector of Bombay on April 14,
1986,
{27} in whom that power had been conferred since then.
It
appears that on April 15, 19Bb (14th April being a public
holiday),
Shri Sankhe went to the office of the Collector
when
he was asked to enquire about the above matter on April
23,
1986. On April 23, 1986, he appears to have been told
{26}
Government of Maharashtra, Social Welfare,
Cultural
Affairs, Sports and Tourism Department,
confidential
circular No..CBC—l4B4/CM/
1964(2011)/BCI/J-5,
dated March 5, 1986.
{27)
It appears from the Government of Maharashtra,
Social
Welfare, Cultural Affairs, Sports and Tourism
Department,
Resolution No.CBC—1OB3/U.D.5b2(lB73)/BCW-V,
dated
December 27, 1985, that the Government had withdrawn
with
effect from December 27, 19B5,the powers relating to
the
issue of caste certificates to the backward classes from
the
Chief Metropolitan Magistrate and the Metropolitan
Magistrates
authorised by him and declared the District
Magistrate,
Greater Bombay, as competent authority to issue
the
caste certificates to backward classes in Greater
Bombay.
11
that
the Collector had decided to cancel the aforesaid
certificate
and that the result of the same would be
communicated
to him by post.
1.20
Apprehending that the Collector may cancel his
caste
certificate without giving proper hearing, Shri Sank-he
filed
the Writ Petition in the High Court of Bombay on April
25,
1‘?G6,seel<ing a declaration that the refusal of the State
Government
to accept and act upon the caste certificate
dated
February 20, 1980, issued to him by the Additional
Chief
Metropolitan Magistrate, Bandra, Bombay was bad in law
and
requiring the State Government to act upon that
certificate
and not to insist on a certificate from the
Tehsildar,
Palghar, and further restraining the State
Government
from reverting him from his post of Desk Officer,
pending
the disposal of his Writ Petition. {28)
1.21
[In June 16, 1986, the above Writ Petition was
taken
up for admission by the Single Judge Bench of the High
Court.
The Government opposed the admission of the Writ
Petition
on the ground that Banjara and the Vanjari were
two
different castes and that since Shri Sankhe had come to
Bombay
in 1950, he could not be treated as ordinarily
residing
in Bombay for the purpose of getting a caste
certificate
and therefore the caste certificate issued in
his
favour in 1980 by the Additional Chief Metropolitan
Magistrate,
Bandra, was invalid. The Writ Petition was,
however,
admitted 'and the State Government was restrained
{28}
Writ Petition No. 1142 of 1986, Ordinary Original
Civil
Jurisdiction of the High Court of Bombay, in the
matter
of Ganpat Pahdurang Sankhe v. State of Maharashtra
and
Others.
12
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